Summary: Researchers report that oligodendrocytes in the brain differ fundamentally from those in the spinal cord because of distinct metabolic programs. These discoveries could improve understanding of myelin loss in multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental conditions and guide new therapeutic strategies. Source: Rutgers New research offers a clearer path to identifying immature cells … Read more

Scientists at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute have, for the first time, visualized the molecular changes in a critical cell‑death protein that trigger cells to die. This discovery offers new, high‑resolution insight into how programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is initiated at the molecular level and suggests routes for developing medicines that can either … Read more

Summary: Researchers have created a highly selective fluorescent probe that images serotonin inside cells and in animal models, providing new insight into its role in depression. The study shows that overall serotonin levels in normal and depression-model cells are similar, but cells modeling depression release markedly less serotonin when stimulated. The ability of cells to … Read more

Summary: Positive support from romantic partners can measurably reduce stress, as indicated by lower cortisol levels. In a study of 191 married couples, researchers found that when partners provided positive, validating support, recipients reported feeling more understood and cared for—and showed reduced biological stress responses. This research highlights that how support is offered and perceived … Read more

Summary: HIV infection blocks the maturation of oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells in the brain, which contributes to loss of white matter. Source: University of Pennsylvania People living with HIV commonly show reductions in brain white matter. Unlike gray matter, made up of neuronal cell bodies, white matter consists of myelin, a fatty insulating layer that … Read more

Summary: Activation of noradrenergic neurons originating in the locus coeruleus and projecting to the spinal dorsal horn stimulates a distinct population of astrocytes, and that astrocyte activation promotes heightened pain sensitivity. Source: Kyushu University A research team in Japan has identified a previously unrecognized mechanism in spinal pain control: a selective group of astrocytes in … Read more

Summary: Researchers engineered an RNA molecule into a programmable, logically operating ribocomputing device. The advance could enable the construction of more sophisticated synthetic biological circuits for diagnostics and therapeutics. Source: Wyss Institute Novel RNA nanodevices in living cells can sense and evaluate multiple signals, offering a path to advanced synthetic diagnostics and targeted therapeutics. Synthetic … Read more

Summary: One of the toughest challenges for robots is not brute strength but fine finger control—tasks like clicking a mouse, cutting with scissors, or pressing individual piano keys. While robotic hands have improved at gripping, they have historically lacked reliable proprioception—the internal sense of where their fingers are in space. A collaborative research team has … Read more

New Chromosome 6 Genetic Syndrome Linked to Obesity, Overeating and Behavioural Challenges Researchers at the University of Manchester have identified a previously unrecognised genetic syndrome that links a small deletion on chromosome 6 with severe obesity, excessive eating (hyperphagia), and a range of developmental, intellectual and behavioural difficulties. Dr Siddharth Banka, Clinical Senior Lecturer at … Read more

Summary: Adolescents with higher blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids—particularly DHA—had a lower risk of developing psychotic disorder by their mid-twenties. At age 24, people with psychosis showed lower DHA levels than those without the disorder. Source: RCSI New research indicates that higher concentrations of certain omega-3 fatty acids in adolescence may reduce the likelihood … Read more