Summary: A large neuroimaging study reports that children aged 9–10 with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show only small differences in structural brain measurements compared with peers without ADHD. Source: Duke University Researchers at Duke University School of Medicine report that MRI scans of children aged 9 to 10 years with ADHD revealed only modest structural brain … Read more

Summary: A comprehensive study of vertebrates shows that body temperature is a primary factor shaping brain size evolution. Warm-blooded animals—mammals and birds—maintain steady internal temperatures that support the sustained energy demands of larger brains. Cold-blooded species, whose body heat depends on the environment, face stronger energetic limits that constrain brain growth. The researchers also demonstrate … Read more

Summary: Regular physical activity—especially running—can rewire the aging brain and help preserve memory. New research shows long-term running maintains the connectivity of neurons born in early adulthood, supporting cognitive health into middle age and beyond. Researchers report that sustained running throughout adulthood keeps adult-born hippocampal neurons functionally integrated in the brain’s memory networks, potentially delaying … Read more

Summary: Large-scale brain imaging finds surprisingly few clear links between white matter microstructure and children’s reading performance. Source: MIT Reading depends on fast, coordinated communication among language regions across the brain, with information traveling along white matter pathways that connect those areas. Many researchers have proposed that differences in white matter organization could explain why … Read more

Summary: New research highlights middle age as a critical period for understanding and predicting later-life cognitive health. Scientists argue that ages roughly between 40 and 65 mark a distinct phase in brain aging when structural, molecular, and functional changes emerge that can influence the risk of dementia. Identifying and addressing these changes during midlife could … Read more

Low Doses of Leukemia Drug Clear Toxic Proteins and Improve Symptoms in Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center report that very small doses of a leukemia medication can prevent the accumulation of toxic proteins associated with Parkinson’s disease in mice. Published online May 10 in Human Molecular Genetics, the study … Read more

Summary: A new review examines biological sex differences in responses to cannabis. Researchers report that women may develop problematic cannabis use faster than men and that females show distinct endocannabinoid levels and more sensitive receptors in brain regions tied to social behavior. Source: Frontiers. Cannabis use has increased alongside decriminalization, legalization and the rise of … Read more

Summary: Common weight-loss and type 2 diabetes drugs known as GLP-1 receptor agonists (including semaglutide and liraglutide) have robust preclinical evidence showing they reduce the core biological markers of Alzheimer’s disease. A systematic review of 30 preclinical studies reports consistent reductions in the two hallmark proteins that define Alzheimer’s pathology — amyloid-beta and hyperphosphorylated tau. … Read more

Summary: Brain responses to sound in older children with mild-to-moderate hearing loss are reduced compared with their peers who have normal hearing. Source: University of Cambridge Overview: Deafness in early childhood is known to cause lasting changes in how the brain processes sound. New research published in eLife shows that even mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss … Read more

Summary: A new study in genetics and developmental biology resolves a long-standing question about how organisms control the precise timing of growth milestones. Using the model organism C. elegans, researchers discovered that a feedback circuit formed by two proteins, MYRF-1 and LIN-42, functions as the genome’s master developmental clock. This circuit produces a finite series … Read more